Each particular person carries inside them a novel universe of microorganisms generally known as the intestine microbiota. These microscopic creatures, which predominantly encompass micro organism, play a important position in our well being by helping in digestion, producing important nutritional vitamins, boosting our immune system, and even affecting our temper. But, not all micro organism in our intestine are helpful; there’s a continuing tussle between ‘good’ and ‘dangerous’ microbes.
So, how can we tilt the stability in favor of the helpful micro organism? Usually, the reply is perhaps probiotic dietary supplements. These merchandise include stay micro organism supposed to spice up the inhabitants of fine micro organism in your intestine. Nonetheless, as well being and health professionals, we regularly encounter people who both can not or want to not take dietary supplements or just wish to construct a gut-health-promoting life-style earlier than contemplating supplementation.
This text is for these searching for pure methods to reinforce their intestine microbiota. We’ll discover evidence-based life-style and dietary modifications that may assist enhance the range and abundance of helpful intestine micro organism, selling total well being and wellbeing. No tablets, no powders – simply easy, sensible recommendation rooted in scientific analysis.
Get Extra Good Micro organism in Your Intestine With out Dietary supplements
Earlier than diving into particular approaches, it’s necessary to grasp that selling intestine well being isn’t solely about what you set in your plate. Sure, weight-reduction plan performs a serious position, however there’s a broader life-style context that can’t be ignored. A holistic strategy that encompasses sleep, bodily exercise, stress administration, and hydration, along with weight-reduction plan, is vital to fostering a various and wholesome intestine microbiome.
Think about sleep, for instance. Analysis reveals a bidirectional relationship between sleep and intestine well being. Poor sleep can disrupt your intestine microbiota; conversely, an unhealthy intestine can contribute to sleep points. Equally, common bodily exercise is related to a extra various intestine microbiota.
Stress, each bodily and emotional, may also have an effect on the intestine microbiota. Persistent stress might alter the range and composition of the intestine microbiota, probably resulting in a spread of well being issues. Hydration, although usually missed, additionally performs a job in sustaining the well being of the intestine.
On this article, we are going to delve into every of those life-style methods, exploring how they are often harnessed to naturally improve the helpful micro organism in our guts. However first, we are going to speak about some generalities of the microbiome and a few indicators and signs of a wholesome intestine.
The Significance of the Intestine Microbiome for General Well being
Also known as the physique’s “second mind”, the intestine microbiome is essential for extra than simply digestive well being. It performs an integral position in our total well being, influencing all the things from metabolism and immunity to mind perform and temper.
Firstly, the intestine microbiome aids in digestion and nutrient absorption. It assists in breaking down advanced carbohydrates, producing important nutritional vitamins like vitamin Okay and B-vitamins, and facilitating the absorption of sure minerals.
However the position of the intestine microbiome extends nicely past the digestive tract. Analysis has proven that it performs an important position in our immune system, with round 70% of the physique’s immune cells discovered within the intestine. The intestine microbiome helps to control these immune responses, defending in opposition to pathogens and stopping overactive immune responses, which might result in autoimmune problems.
Furthermore, the intestine microbiome is intricately linked to our mind well being. Via the gut-brain axis, our intestine micro organism can affect our temper, habits, and psychological well being. Research counsel that an imbalanced intestine microbiota might contribute to a spread of neurological and psychological well being problems, together with nervousness, despair, and even neurodegenerative illnesses.
In essence, a wholesome and various intestine microbiome is integral to our total well being. By cultivating a flourishing intestine ecosystem, we are able to nurture our bodily and psychological wellbeing, highlighting the significance of methods that naturally promote helpful intestine micro organism.
Indicators and Signs of a Wholesome Intestine
Recognizing a wholesome intestine can usually be subjective and would possibly differ considerably from individual to individual, given our distinctive intestine microbiomes. Nonetheless, some normal indicators of a wholesome intestine embody:
- Common Bowel Actions: Common bowel actions sometimes suggest a wholesome intestine. The important thing phrase right here is “common,” which might range from individual to individual. For some, regularity would possibly imply a bowel motion on daily basis, for others, it is perhaps each different day. What’s necessary is that there’s consistency in your routine. Consistency and regularity in bowel actions signify a wholesome digestive system.
- Absence of Uncomfortable Signs: In the event you’re free from power bloating, fuel, constipation, diarrhea, or heartburn, that is typically an indication of a well-functioning digestive system and a balanced intestine microbiota.
- A Properly-Regulated Immune System: A wholesome intestine microbiota interacts with immune cells to assist regulate the immune response. Subsequently, not changing into sick steadily would possibly point out that your intestine well being is in a very good state. Frequent diseases, alternatively, would possibly point out an imbalanced intestine, as a wholesome microbiome performs an important position in immune perform.
- Good Sleep: There’s a two-way relationship between sleep and intestine well being. A balanced intestine microbiota can affect the physique’s sleep-wake cycle, assist preserve a standard sleep sample, and improve sleep high quality. Common, restful sleep would possibly point out a balanced intestine microbiome.
- Wholesome Pores and skin: There’s a advanced relationship between intestine well being and pores and skin well being, however they convey and have an effect on each other through the gut-skin axis. Pores and skin points like eczema could also be related to a intestine imbalance. Clear, wholesome pores and skin is usually a signal of a wholesome intestine.
Indicators and Signs of an Unhealthy Intestine
Contrarily, there are additionally indicators and signs which will point out an unhealthy or imbalanced intestine microbiome. These might embody:
- Digestive Points: Persistent bloating, fuel, constipation, diarrhea, or heartburn might all be indicators of an imbalanced intestine. These signs point out that meals isn’t being correctly damaged down or that dangerous microbes is perhaps current in your intestine.
- Meals Intolerances: When you have issue digesting sure meals or expertise signs comparable to fuel, bloating, stomach ache, or diarrhea after consuming sure meals, it might point out a difficulty along with your intestine micro organism. Issue digesting sure meals is usually a signal of a intestine imbalance.
- Poor Sleep and Fixed Fatigue: Disruption within the intestine microbiota can have an effect on your sleep cycle, resulting in poor sleep and fixed fatigue. Poor sleep can additional result in different well being issues, together with psychological well being points.
- Unintended Weight Modifications: Unexplained weight reduction or weight achieve, regardless of not making important modifications to your weight-reduction plan or bodily exercise ranges, could also be an indication of an imbalanced intestine. An unhealthy intestine can have an effect on the physique’s capacity to soak up vitamins, regulate blood sugar, and retailer fats.
- Pores and skin Irritation: Pores and skin situations like eczema, zits, or rosacea could also be associated to intestine irritation or a broken intestine. Irritation within the intestine attributable to poor weight-reduction plan or meals allergic reactions could cause sure pores and skin situations.
- Autoimmune Situations: Latest analysis means that an imbalanced intestine might enhance systemic irritation and alter the correct functioning of the immune system, which might result in autoimmune illnesses.
8 Methods to Enhance the Intestine Microbiome, the Inhabitants of Well being-Selling Micro organism within the Intestine
Fiber First: Select Pure Prebiotic-Wealthy Meals
In the case of fostering a wholesome intestine microbiome, fiber is your finest pal. It performs a basic position in intestine well being because it feeds the helpful micro organism, selling their development and exercise. This nurturing relationship is the place prebiotics come into play.
Prebiotics are sorts of dietary fiber that act as meals on your intestine micro organism. They resist digestion within the higher gastrointestinal tract and attain the colon intact, the place they’re fermented by the intestine microbiota. This fermentation course of leads to the manufacturing of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), comparable to butyrate, propionate, and acetate, which have quite a few well being advantages, together with anti-inflammatory results and strengthening the intestine barrier.
Whereas it’s true that not all sorts of fiber perform as prebiotics, many fiber-rich meals are excessive in prebiotic fiber. Meals wealthy in prebiotic fiber embody fruits, greens, legumes, and complete grains. These meals present the double profit of providing a various vary of fibers to feed several types of intestine micro organism and likewise ship different health-promoting vitamins.
On the similar time, it’s not simply fiber that serves as a prebiotic. Different non-fiber vitamins, comparable to polyphenols present in meals like berries, tea, and darkish chocolate, may also act as prebiotics, feeding helpful intestine micro organism.
In essence, a fiber-first strategy specializing in prebiotic-rich meals will help domesticate a thriving intestine microbiome, enhancing the abundance and variety of helpful micro organism.
Embrace Fermented Meals
Fermented meals, whereas usually related to probiotics, don’t at all times ship these helpful micro organism in massive portions. It is because some fermentation processes, notably these involving warmth or sure preservation strategies, might kill the probiotic organisms.
However, fermented meals are nonetheless a precious asset for a wholesome intestine. Whereas the probiotic content material can range, many fermented meals are wealthy in prebiotics. Prebiotics, as described above, are sorts of fiber that feed the helpful micro organism in your intestine, stimulating their development and exercise.
Moreover, the fermentation course of could make sure vitamins extra bioavailable, that means they’re simpler on your physique to soak up and make the most of. This can be a important benefit because it helps maximize the dietary profit of those meals.
Fermented meals like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi, and kombucha additionally include bioactive compounds produced through the fermentation course of, which might have further health-promoting results.
A number of research have discovered advantages of fermented meals on intestine well being. For instance, consuming yogurt is related to improved lactose digestion, enhanced immune responses, and will even present safety in opposition to sure sorts of gastrointestinal illnesses. Different fermented meals, like kefir and kimchi, have been linked to a spread of well being advantages, from improved digestion and irritation discount to enhanced immune perform.
To summarize, incorporating a wide range of fermented meals into your weight-reduction plan can enrich your intestine microbiome, making vitamins extra bioavailable, and probably bettering your total well being.
Stress Much less, Flourish Extra
Stress administration is a vital but usually missed facet of selling a wholesome intestine microbiome. Considerably latest scientific advances have make clear the bidirectional relationship between the intestine and the mind, aptly termed the “gut-brain axis”.
Persistent stress can disrupt this delicate stability, resulting in alterations within the intestine microbiota, which in flip can affect psychological well being, temper, and cognitive perform. Moreover, stress-induced alterations to the intestine microbiome can compromise the intestinal barrier, resulting in elevated intestine permeability, typically known as “leaky intestine,” which has been related to quite a few well being issues.
A number of research have proven that practices aimed toward lowering stress, comparable to mindfulness, yoga, and common train, can positively affect the intestine microbiome. A research printed within the journal Mind, Habits, and Immunity confirmed that conscious meditation decreased inflammatory biomarkers, which can have optimistic results on the intestine microbiome.
Common bodily exercise has additionally been related to elevated range and stability of the intestine microbiota, which is a key marker of intestine well being.
Sleep, one other important facet of stress administration, additionally performs a big position in sustaining a wholesome intestine. Sleep deprivation or irregular sleep patterns can disrupt the intestine microbiota, whereas conversely, a wholesome intestine microbiome can promote higher sleep.
In brief, managing stress by means of mindfulness practices, train, and sustaining common sleep patterns can considerably contribute to a more healthy and extra balanced intestine microbiome.
Get Shifting: The Energy of Train in Shaping Your Intestine Well being
The potent affect of bodily exercise on well being is well-established, however latest findings reveal that its advantages prolong to our intestine microbiome as nicely. Train can improve the range and richness of our intestine micro organism – key indicators of intestine well being.
Research have discovered that people who lead bodily energetic lives have a extra various intestine microbiota than those that are sedentary. This range will help enhance the resilience and practical capability of the microbiota, aiding in digestion, vitamin synthesis, and safety in opposition to dangerous pathogens.
Train additionally aids in lowering irritation, bettering immune perform, and enhancing the power of the intestinal barrier – all elements that contribute to a wholesome intestine.
Analysis evaluating skilled athletes to controls discovered that the athletes, who engaged in long-term, high-intensity train routines, had a extra various intestine microbiota, highlighting the potential of bodily exercise in modulating intestine microbiota.
Whereas extra analysis is required to find out the best sorts and quantities of train for optimum intestine well being, common moderate-intensity train seems to be helpful.
Including common train to your routine can promote a more healthy and extra various intestine microbiome, contributing to raised total well being.
Sleep Properly to Feed Your Intestine
Sleep is excess of a mere interval of relaxation. It’s a essential time when your physique carries out important restore, restoration, and cognitive processes. One of many lesser-known roles of sleep is its impact in your intestine microbiome. Sleep can considerably affect the range and composition of your intestine micro organism.
Analysis suggests that people who find themselves sleep-deprived or have disrupted sleep patterns usually have an altered intestine microbiota. For instance, a research printed in Molecular Metabolism discovered that simply two nights of partial sleep deprivation might lead to modifications to the intestine microbiota, together with decreased bacterial range.
Conversely, a wholesome intestine microbiome may also promote higher sleep. Rising analysis signifies {that a} balanced intestine microbiome can improve sleep high quality by producing and regulating numerous substances concerned within the sleep-wake cycle, comparable to melatonin and serotonin.
The Nationwide Sleep Foundation recommends that adults purpose for 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night time. Constant, high-quality sleep can assist your intestine microbiome and contribute to total well being.
Sustaining common sleep patterns, working towards good sleep hygiene (comparable to sustaining a cool, darkish, quiet sleep setting and establishing a soothing pre-sleep routine), and prioritizing enough sleep can considerably contribute to a more healthy and extra balanced intestine microbiome.
Quench Your Intestine by Staying Hydrated
Whereas it’s broadly recognized that staying hydrated is essential for total well being, the influence of hydration on the intestine microbiome is much less generally mentioned. Nonetheless, satisfactory hydration performs a necessary position in selling a wholesome intestine and supporting optimum microbiome perform.
Water is integral for digestion. It helps break down meals so your physique can soak up vitamins, and it softens stool, which helps forestall constipation. Persistent constipation can disrupt the stability of micro organism within the intestine, resulting in a decreased range of intestine microbiota.
Furthermore, staying hydrated helps preserve the mucus lining within the intestines. This mucus lining is without doubt one of the first traces of protection in opposition to the ‘dangerous’ intestine micro organism and toxins, and it’s additionally dwelling to many helpful micro organism. Dehydration can disrupt this protecting layer, probably resulting in a spread of intestine points, from easy discomfort to extra critical situations like elevated intestine permeability.
There isn’t a one-size-fits-all strategy to water consumption, as the best quantity depends upon particular person elements like age, intercourse, weight, bodily exercise degree, and total well being. Nonetheless, a normal guideline is to purpose for at the very least 8 cups (64 ounces) of water per day. This could come from drinks like water and tea, in addition to from water-rich meals like vegatables and fruits.
In brief, satisfactory hydration helps digestion, maintains the protecting mucus lining of your intestine, and promotes a wholesome, balanced intestine microbiome.
Plant Energy for Your Intestine: Commerce Animal-Based mostly for Plant-Based mostly Meals
The meals selections we make considerably affect our intestine microbiome’s composition and performance, and thus our total well being. Notably, a plant-based weight-reduction plan, wealthy in fruits, greens, legumes, complete grains, nuts, and seeds, can present distinctive advantages to your intestine microbiome.
Plant-based diets are wealthy in dietary fiber, which acts as a prebiotic, offering the required nourishment for helpful intestine micro organism to thrive. This fiber-driven nourishment leads to the manufacturing of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), comparable to acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which have a number of well being advantages. These SCFAs assist preserve intestine barrier integrity, cut back irritation, and regulate the immune system.
Furthermore, plant-based diets sometimes supply a greater diversity of meals, which will help enhance the range of the intestine microbiota – a key marker of intestine well being.
In distinction, diets excessive in animal-based meals, notably purple and processed meats, have been related to adverse alterations within the intestine microbiota. For example, a research printed within the journal Nature confirmed {that a} weight-reduction plan excessive in animal-based merchandise might result in a rise in bile-tolerant micro organism and a lower in micro organism that metabolize dietary plant polysaccharides.
Nonetheless, it’s necessary to notice that incorporating plant-based meals into your weight-reduction plan doesn’t essentially imply you should fully exclude animal-based meals to attain good intestine well being. It’s about sustaining a stability that leans closely towards plant-based meals, which will help maintain a more healthy and extra various intestine microbiome.
Select PUFAs Over Saturated Fat
In the case of fat and the intestine microbiome, not all fat influence the intestine in the identical means. The kind of fats you eat can considerably affect the composition and performance of your intestine micro organism, affecting your total well being.
Saturated fat, primarily present in animal-based meals and a few plant oils, have been linked to adverse modifications in intestine microbiota. Research present that diets excessive in saturated fat can cut back the range of intestine micro organism, promote the expansion of dangerous bacterial strains, and enhance intestine irritation.
Alternatively, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), notably omega-3 fatty acids, seem to have a optimistic impact on the intestine microbiome. Omega-3 fatty acids, present in fatty fish, walnuts, flaxseeds, and chia seeds, can enhance the abundance of helpful intestine micro organism and cut back irritation.
For example, a research printed in The Journal of Dietary Biochemistry discovered {that a} weight-reduction plan wealthy in omega-3 fatty acids might enhance the abundance of helpful micro organism, comparable to Bifidobacterium, which is understood to advertise intestine well being.
This doesn’t imply it’s best to fully get rid of saturated fat out of your weight-reduction plan however somewhat preserve a stability favoring PUFAs, particularly omega-3 fatty acids. It’s necessary to do not forget that moderation and variety in weight-reduction plan are key to supporting a wholesome and various intestine microbiome.
Microbiome & Intestine Well being FAQs
How can I enhance good micro organism in my intestine rapidly?
The quickest method to enhance helpful micro organism in your intestine is by adjusting your weight-reduction plan. Consuming a wide range of fiber-rich, plant-based meals can present the required prebiotics that these micro organism have to thrive. Fermented meals, like yogurt, sauerkraut, and kefir, may also assist enhance helpful micro organism. Weight loss program, together with probiotic dietary supplements and your physician’s assist, will help to swiftly re-establish your microbiota stability.
What eliminates dangerous micro organism within the intestine?
A weight-reduction plan wealthy in fiber, plant-based meals, and fermented meals will help preserve a wholesome stability of intestine micro organism and restrict the expansion of dangerous micro organism. Common bodily exercise, stress administration, satisfactory hydration, and enough sleep may also contribute to a wholesome intestine setting.
How do you construct a inhabitants of fine micro organism in your physique?
Constructing a inhabitants of fine micro organism in your physique is just like rising intestine micro organism. A balanced weight-reduction plan wealthy in fiber, plant-based meals, and fermented meals, together with wholesome life-style habits, will create an setting by which helpful micro organism can flourish.
What’s the quickest method to restore intestine microbiome?
A various weight-reduction plan wealthy in plant-based meals, particularly these excessive in fiber, is without doubt one of the quickest methods to revive intestine microbiome. Incorporating probiotic-rich meals like yogurt and kefir, or prebiotic-rich meals comparable to onions, garlic, and bananas may also assist restore intestine microbiome. A various weight-reduction plan wealthy in plant-based meals, particularly these excessive in fiber, is without doubt one of the quickest methods to revive intestine microbiome. Incorporating probiotic-rich meals like yogurt and kefir, or prebiotic-rich meals comparable to onions, garlic, and bananas may also assist restore intestine microbiome.
How lengthy does it take to “repair” an unhealthy intestine?
The timeline for bettering intestine well being varies for every particular person and depends upon a number of elements, comparable to weight-reduction plan, life-style, and the prevailing state of intestine well being. Some research counsel that noticeable modifications can happen inside a number of days of constructing dietary modifications. Nonetheless, for a big and lasting enchancment, constant wholesome habits over weeks to months could also be required.
What promotes the well being of “good” intestine micro organism?
A weight-reduction plan wealthy in various, fiber-rich meals can promote the well being of “good” intestine micro organism. This contains complete grains, legumes, fruits, and greens. Fermented meals, that are wealthy in probiotics, additionally promote good intestine micro organism. Way of life elements comparable to common train, satisfactory sleep, correct hydration, and stress administration additionally assist intestine well being.
How do I get my intestine micro organism again to regular after an sickness or antibiotics?
Antibiotics can disrupt the intestine microbiota. Submit-antibiotics, you may assist restore your intestine microbiota by consuming a weight-reduction plan wealthy in fiber and fermented meals. Moreover, make sure you keep hydrated, get sufficient sleep, handle stress, and interact in common bodily exercise. In some instances, a healthcare supplier would possibly advocate a probiotic complement.
Predominant Takeaways
Your intestine microbiome is a dynamic and important facet of your well being, with far-reaching results that reach past digestion. It’s integral to your immune perform, psychological well being, metabolic processes, and even your physique’s capability to course of vitamins from meals. Enhancing your intestine microbiome naturally isn’t nearly what you eat—it’s about how you reside.
A well-rounded strategy to intestine well being incorporates various, fiber-rich, plant-based meals and a reasonable consumption of wholesome fat. Nonetheless, our intestine microbiome is influenced by extra than simply our weight-reduction plan. Elements like common bodily exercise, correct sleep, satisfactory hydration, and efficient stress administration are equally essential. These life-style elements can contribute to a more healthy, extra balanced intestine microbiome, fostering an setting the place helpful micro organism can flourish.
By adopting these methods, we are able to domesticate a more healthy intestine microbiome with out counting on dietary supplements. A wholesome intestine microbiome helps digestive well being and likewise contributes to total wellbeing, from psychological well being to illness prevention. Keep in mind, small however constant modifications can have a big influence over time, so take these preliminary steps towards bettering your intestine well being at this time.
The journey towards optimum intestine well being is a marathon, not a dash. Each optimistic selection you make, each balanced meal you eat, each exercise you full, and each good night time’s sleep you get brings you one step nearer to raised intestine well being. And higher intestine well being brings you one step nearer to raised total well being.
References
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29899036/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12820
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6779243/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25021423/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6143810/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31460832/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29899036/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24679531/
- https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurologia-english-edition–495-articulo-role-gut-microbiota-in-development-S2173580821000717
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5433529/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24679531/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6779243/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30042740/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21787226/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3601187/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26011307/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756104/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23849454/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27998788/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7782892/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16696665/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15277142/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4854945/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24456350/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn3346
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20145094/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253991/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26799456/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28963884/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5357536/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6779243/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25021423/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28187199/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5433529/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5357536/
- https://intestine.bmj.com/content material/67/4/625
- https://consultants.illinois.edu/en/publications/exercise-alters-gut-microbiota-composition-and-function-in-lean-a
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3880190/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6779243/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27900260/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22844441/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/srep35405
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29073412/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2908954/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16169298/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21327117/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5849673/
- https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10925/dietary-reference-intakes-for-water-potassium-sodium-chloride-and-sulfate
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756104/
- https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msystems.00031-18
- https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12820
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26321659/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-10382-2
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28951525/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27998788/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5357536/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12820
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27126040/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831151/
